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Educators face challenges in preparing young people for the future workforce

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Educators face challenges in preparing young people for the future workforce

Digital illustration of person sat at a desk with chemistry equipment

Our recent ‘Future workforce and educational pathways’ research indicated the potential for future careers in the chemical sciences for young people across the UK. However, this research highlighted some concerning trends and deficits in skills and knowledge development which were echoed in our findings.

Our most important findings

  • Nearly 32% of teachers across all school types and nations felt very or somewhat unconfident in providing information on technical and vocational scientific careers. 
  • There are significant barriers to running practical work including insufficient time, health and safety concerns, cost of consumables and chemicals, and unsuitable labs. 
  • There is an increasing number of teachers reporting insufficient access to subject-specific CPD. 
  • Encouragingly, many respondents reported that they were able to use digital technology in their schools when needed, and that they felt confident in their digital skillset.

Providing guidance and information on career paths

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Linking the curriculum to real-life contexts
Linking the curriculum to scientific careers
Providing information on academic routes into scientific careers
Providing information on technical/vocational routes into scientific careers
Very and somewhat confident  84% 80% 75% 47% 
Neither confident nor unconfident  7%  9%  12%  20%  
Very and somewhat unconfident  8% 10% 13% 32% 
Don’t know / Not sure  0%  0%  0%  1%  
Column n  1197  1193  1190  1184 

Filter: Teachers only + not selected 'Not applicable'; Unweighted; base n = 1184-1197

Providing information on technical/vocational routes into scientific careers
AllEnglandScotlandWalesNorthern IrelandRepublic of Ireland
Very and somewhat confident 47% 48% 52% 45% 40% 33% 
Very and somewhat unconfident 32% 31% 31% 40% 46% 49% 
Column n 1184 897 145 40 57 45 

Filter: Teachers only; Unweighted

Running practical science

This year we asked educators how often they carried out different types of practical work, and the barriers they face to running these activities. These data also reveal how some of the barriers are amplified in disadvantaged settings.

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2023 and 2025 comparison


20232025
Insufficient time for practical to be taught alongside theory 57% 55% 
Challenging student behaviour 41% 42% 
Cost of consumables and chemicals 33% 41%  
Lack of equipment 31% 36% 
No time for training/practicing 28% 32% 
Understaffing of science technicians 26% 28% 
Unsuitable labs 19% 25% 
Health and safety concerns 14% 19%  
Insufficient lab access 17% 18% 
Lack of confidence in delivering practical sessions 6% 11%  
No barriers 12% 7% 
Other 7% 7% 
Column n 2456 1931 

Filter: Teachers only; Unweighted

*Technicians made up 38% of respondents this year.

By percentage of FSM-eligible students


Up to 30% FSMOver 30% FSM
Challenging student behaviour  44% 61%
Insufficient time for practical to be taught alongside theory 57% 59% 
Cost of consumables and chemicals 46% 39%
Lack of equipment 39% 39% 
No time for training/practicing 33% 34% 
Understaffing of science technicians 27% 32% 
Unsuitable labs 25% 27% 
Insufficient lab access 15% 24%
Health and safety concerns 17% 24% 
Lack of confidence in delivering practical sessions 10% 13% 
No barriers 5% 4% 
Other 7% 8% 
Column n 990 335

Total sample; Unweighted; base n = 990/335

Despite these challenges, teachers and technicians are working hard to provide opportunities for hands-on practical work, which was reported as happening more often than teacher demos and use of videos this year.

However, when analysing responses to the question "Thinking about the last 12 months, how often did you generally do hands-on practical work in science lessons?" the frequency of all types of practical science opportunities, including hands-on, declines through the key stages (and equivalent).

It is crucial that young people at all stages of their education get frequent, high-quality opportunities to explore the empirical, practical nature of the sciences.

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KS3 / Third Level / Junior Cycle
GCSE / National 5 / Transition Year
A-Level / Higher / Senior Cycle
At least once a week 390 (38%) 210 (19%) 142 (17%) 
At least once a fortnight 380 (37%) 368 (34%) 276 (33%) 
At least once a month 197 (19%) 373 (34%) 305 (36%) 
Once every couple of months 44 (4%) 110 (10%) 83 (10%) 
Less often 16 (2%) 30 (3%) 30 (4%) 
Never 5 (0%) 5 (0%) 5 (1%) 
Don’t know 1 (0%) 1 (0%) 4 (0%) 
Column n  1033  1097  845 

Total sample; Unweighted; base n = 1931

Digital skills

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Count%
Strongly agree and agree 1552 81% 
Neither agree nor disagree  139  7%  
Strongly disagree and disagree  214 11% 
Don’t know / Not sure  10  1%  
Column n  1915  

Total sample; Unweighted; base n = 1931


EnglandScotlandWalesNorthern IrelandRepublic of Ireland
Strongly agree and agree 1239 (81%) 150 (80%) 62 (79%) 62 (83%) 39 (87%) 
Neither agree nor disagree  111 (7%)  14 (7%)  10 (13%)  1 (1%)  3 (7%)  
Strongly disagree and disagree  170 (11%) 24 (13%) 5 (6%) 12 (16%) 3 (7%) 
Don’t know / Not sure  9 (1%)  0 (0%)  1 (1%)  0 (0%)  0 (0%)  
Column n  1529   188   78   75   45 

Total sample; Unweighted; base n = 1931


Count%
Strongly agree and agree 741 63% 
Neither agree nor disagree  249  21%  
Strongly disagree and disagree  184 16% 
Don’t know / Not sure  12  1%  
Column n  1186  

Filter: Teachers only; Unweighted


EnglandScotlandWalesNorthern IrelandRepublic of Ireland
Strongly agree and agree 565 (62%) 99 (68%) 19 (49%) 30 (53%) 27 (60%) 
Neither agree nor disagree 193 (21%) 32 (22%) 6 (15%) 11 (20%) 6 (13%) 
Strongly disagree and disagree 133 (15%) 12 (8%) 12 (31%) 15 (26%) 12 (27%) 
Don’t know / Not sure 10 (1%) 1 (1%) 1 (3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 
Column n 903  145  39  56  45 

Filter: Teachers only; Unweighted

Subject-specific professional development

We want teachers to be empowered to deliver a modern and relevant chemistry curriculum by improving access to funded, high-quality, subject specific CPD. Teachers also need access to up-to-date information about the skills employers are looking for so that they can link the chemistry curriculum they teach to careers in chemistry.

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For data on individual nations and biology and physics, please see the data set.

Access to Chemistry CPD202320242025
Sufficient + Somewhat sufficient 21% 18% 24% 
Somewhat insufficient + Insufficient 30% 32% 41% 
Column n 1210 1087 1175 

Filter: Teachers only; Unweighted

Chemistry20232025
0 hrs - Didn't access any professional development 49% 44% 
Up to 5 hours 19% 27% 
5 - 9 hours 6% 10% 
10 – 14 hours 3% 4% 
15 – 19 hours 1% 2% 
20 - 24 hours 1% 2% 
25 - 29 hours 0% 1% 
30 - 34 hours 0% 1% 
35+ hours 1% 2% 
Don't know 1% 6% 
Column n  1547  899 

Filter: Teachers only; Unweighted

What we are doing to help

We are asking governments to ensure science and chemistry curriculums for ages 5–19 are equipping young people with the skills and knowledge needed for the future, including transferable skills and digital literacy. There needs to be a strong focus on sustainability and the opportunities to explore chemistry through hands-on practical activities.

Our resources and programmes are designed to help deliver high-quality and engaging lessons. We support your professional development throughout your teaching career and help to connect you with other teachers and professionals through Teach Chemistry and our regional support.

Discover our resources

  • We offer fully funded to Teach Chemistry members.
  • Take a look at our website, which has numerous career profiles and other job information such as alternative routes into the chemical sciences.
  • Explore to help you link curriculum learning to chemistry careers.
  • run workshops with links to careers and scientists from diverse backgrounds.
  • Useful Education in Chemistry articles: ;